Force field for the extreme charges (+1 and -1), to scale — the force is sinusoidal, so the rings alternately attract (photon color) and repel (red), fading toward the edge of the range. Right at the center there's always a small repulsive hard core (so photons don't overlap).

Force as a function of distance, horizontal layout. Horizontal axis = distance in px (0 to forceRange), vertical axis = force (up = attracts, down = repels). Blue curve = opposite charges, orange = same charge — you can see they're offset by half a period.

How photons are colored based on charge.

The force between photons is sinusoidal — it alternately attracts and repels with distance, fading out at forceRange. periods is the number of full wave cycles within that range (can be fractional). Opposite and same charges are phase-shifted by half a period, so within the same "layer" one attracts while the other repels. waveOffset (0 to 1) shifts the wave upward: at 0 it's the classic wave (can briefly attract the same charge), at 1 the sign of the force never flips (the same charge always repels). You can add your own helper variables (button below) and edit formulas — available functions: rand, abs, min, max, sqrt, pow, round, floor, ceil. Use the arrows to change the calculation order.